ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is acause for approximately 10-20% of spontaneous intracerebralhaemorrhage in elderly population. Susceptibility weightedimaging (SW1) is a new imaging method is clinically usefulfor evaluating the presence of chronic blood products in thebrain, especially clinically silent microbleeds associatedwith cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Aim of this study was todetermine the advantages of Susceptibility weighted imaging(SW1) over conventional gradient echo (GRE) technique in aprobable diagnosis of Cerebral amyloid angiopathy.Material and Methods: All patients more than 55 yrspresented with neurological signs and symptoms referredfor neuroimaging, were subjected to image with MRI usingT1W, T2W, FLAIR. AXIAL 2D MERGE, Diffusion weightedimaging (DWI) including apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) and Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Thosecases having multiple macro and micro haemorrhagesinvolving cortical and sub cortical region detected by eithergradient or SWI included in the study.Results: Sudden onset of neurological deficit was the mostcommon symptom which accounted for 37% of cases.Cortical and sub cortical regions are most commonly involvedsites. On comparison between gradient and SWI, 11 caseshaving micro hemorrgages detected only by SWI and absentin gradient.Conclusion: GE - T2* MR imaging is currently the “ standard”for identifying microhemorrhages and diagnosing cerebralamyloid angiopathy based on number and distribution of microhaemorrhages. SW1 identified many more microhemorrhagesthan conventional T2* weighted GE magnitude technique andmay lead to earlier diagnosis of patients with CAA.
ABSTRACT
Background: For Endoscopic sinus Surgery, precise knowledge of the anatomy and variations of paranasal sinus is essential for surgeon. Computed tomography provides accurate evictions of the anatomy, the anatomical variants and the extent of the disease in and around the paranasal sinuses. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the frequency of anatomic variations of the paranasal sinus region by using multidetectorcomputerized tomography (MDCT). Methods: During the year 2017, over a period of 12 months MDCT images of 150 cases were evaluated by using the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Frequency distribution and descriptive statistics of the variants were analysed. Results: We observed CT images of paranasal sinuses of 150 cases. We found nasal septal deviation as the most common variant seen in 61.1% and Pneumatisation of middle concha as the second most common seen in 55.2% of cases. Other variants observed are pneumatizations of nasal septum, middle, superior and inferior conchae, uncinateprocess, crista gali, bony spur, concha bullosa of middle turbinate, paradoxial curvatures of middle concha , agger nasi cells, haller cells, onodi cells and supraorbital ethmoid air cells , hypoplasia of frontal, maxillary and sphenoid sinuses, aplasia of frontal sinus, asymmetry of the height of ethmoid roof and prominent ethmoid bulla. Conclusion: Anatomical variations of PNS are quite common. These variations must be identified preoperatively to reduce the risk of intraoperative complications.
ABSTRACT
Background: The incidence and epidemiological causes of maxillofacial trauma and facial fractures varieswidely in different regions of the world. To reduce morbidity and mortality, early recognition of severe headtrauma and concomitant injuries remains an important part of the initial assessment and treatment plan ofseverely injured patients.Purpose of the study: To find out the demographic trends, etiology, pattern of trauma, site and severity offractures and coexisting injuries in patients presented with maxillofacial injury.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 88 patients during the period from may 2017 to april 2018on patients presented with facio-maxillary injury at S.C.B Medical College & Ashwini Hospital, Cuttack, Govt.Medical College & Hosppital, Balasore, Odisha, India.Results: In this study maxillofacial injuries are more in compare to female (7.8:1). Majority of the cases areobservesd in tha age group 21-30 yr followed by 31 – 40 yr and no cases in more than 70 yr age group. Mostcommon cause is road traffic accident (82.9%) followed by assult (6.8%). Maximum number of patients havefracture of mandible (46.6%) followed by maxilla (31.8%). Mandibular fractures occurred most commonly in theparasymphyseal region (35.2%), followed by body (23.8%). Fracture of maxilla bone was present commonly atbody in 15 (53.6%) cases followed by blow out fracture (21.5%). Most of the faciomaxillary trauma patients haveassociated injuries like head injury (52.3%) followed by Extremities injury (36.4%).Conclusion: Maxillofacial injuries commonly due to road traffic accidents are more frequent in male. The routineuse of a head as well as full-body CT scan for all severely injured patients is recommended to ensure that noconcomitant injury is overlooked.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Head and neck neoplasia constitute one of the commonest cancers in India. Use of smokeless tobacco (Pan masala, Zarda etc.) is on the increase in North India, especially in Uttar Pradesh, and is responsible for the large majority of these tumours. AIM: To assess the patients' characteristics, yearly prevalence and histopathological subtypes of the head and neck neoplasia (excluding oral cavity) in Allahabad and surrounding regions. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A retrospective study of 11 years from 1990 to 2000 was designed. Data was collected year-wise using the tumor registry data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All biopsies submitted for histopathology to the Pathology department were reviewed and analyzed for demographic data, site and diagnosis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Two-Sample Test was utilized to determine whether two distributions are the same. RESULTS: A total of 40559 biopsies were examined in the department, of which, lesions of the head and neck region, excluding the oral cavity, constituted 694 biopsies (409 males and 285 females). One hundred and forty-four malignant lesions were reported, 114 being males and 30 females. A comparison of the age-specific prevalence rates of cancer during the study period showed that the prevalence was highest in patients belonging to the 50-59 years age group and squamous cell carcinoma Grade II was the most prevalent type. On an average, 58 new biopsies per annum were received. CONCLUSIONS: Properly structured site-specific data like this can augment the National Cancer Registry Programme and is an essential indicator for the magnitude and the pattern of the cancer problem in India.